Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is crucial for a variety of essential bodily functions. It plays a key role in the formation of red blood cells, helping to prevent megaloblastic anemia, a condition characterized by large, ineffective red blood cells.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a range of symptoms that affect various aspects of health. Common signs include megaloblastic anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pale skin due to the production of large, ineffective red blood cells. Individuals may experience numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, known as peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive impairments such as memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and confusion. Mood changes, including depression and irritability, can also occur. Balance and coordination issues, such as difficulty walking and an unsteady gait, may be present. Additional symptoms include glossitis and mouth ulcers, shortness of breath, and general fatigue. Pale or jaundiced skin and digestive problems like nausea and diarrhea may also be observed. In more severe cases, visual disturbances due to nerve damage can arise. These symptoms highlight the importance of adequate vitamin B12 levels for maintaining overall health and well-being.