Vitamin B6, or pyridoxine, has a wide array of essential roles in the body. It is crucial for amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis, aiding in the conversion of amino acids into neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and GABA, which support cognitive function and mood regulation.
Vitamin B6 deficiency can lead to a variety of symptoms, including anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pale skin due to low red blood cell count. Mood changes such as depression, irritability, and anxiety may occur, along with cognitive impairments affecting memory and concentration. Skin conditions, including rashes, dermatitis, and eczema, can also be present. Sensations of numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, known as peripheral neuropathy, may develop. A weakened immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, and a sore, inflamed tongue (glossitis) are common signs. In severe cases, deficiency can result in seizures, particularly in children, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting may be experienced. These symptoms highlight the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin B6 levels for overall health and well-being.